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HPV Testing Most Successful Method for Cervical Cancer Screening in Developing Countries

 

HPV

"In low-resource settings, testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) might be the most effective method of cervical cancer screening. Compared with cytologic testing and visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA), a single round of HPV testing significantly reduced the incidence of advanced cervical cancer and related mortality among women in rural India.

There is a lack of effective screening programs for cervical cancer in developing countries, where 80% of cases occur every year. "A single HPV test that is performed 15 to 20 years after the median age of first sexual intercourse will detect many easily treatable, persistent infections and precancers, while limiting overtreatment," the editorialists note, but widespread implementation of HPV screening still faces a number of challenges.

The introduction of prophylactic HPV vaccines does not diminish the importance of HPV screening, they emphasize. "Even when the vaccines become affordable and widely used, they will not substantially decrease rates of cervical cancer for decades because of the long latency between infection and cancer," they write.

In this study, researchers evaluated the effectiveness of a single round of HPV testing, cytologic testing, or VIA in reducing the incidence of cervical cancer and associated mortality rate in women residing in rural India.

HPV Test Most Objective and Reproducible

Overall, the researchers found HPV testing to be the most objective and reproducible of all cervical screening tests, as well as being less demanding in terms of training and quality assurance. A drawback is that it is more expensive and time-consuming than other types of screening tests, and it requires a sophisticated laboratory infrastructure." [Medscape ]

Hot climate produces baby girls

"People who live in the tropics have more baby girls compared with those living in other parts of the world, work reveals.

It may be down to the hotter weather or the longer days, says US researcher Dr Kristen Navara in the Royal Society journal Biology Letters.
She says this climate may change miscarriage rates and sperm quality.
Or there may be some evolutionary advantage to having more girls than boys if you live by the equator.
Research suggests the female foetus is less fragile than the male foetus, which is more prone to the effects of the environment on pregnant women.
At times of extreme environmental stress, including war, the birth rate of girls outstrips that of boys.
Experts have suspected that latitude could have an effect. Past work has shown that the chances of giving birth to a boy increase as you head south - at least in Europe.
But it is difficult to draw conclusions looking at regions in isolation because of wide variations in things like culture, society and economy, to name but a few.
Dr Navara, of the University of Georgia, set out to gain a global perspective by looking a the sex ratios at birth of 202 countries over a 10-year period and taking into account socio-economic differences between nations and continents.
The accepted global average is slightly male biased, at 106 males per 100 females, or 51.5 %.
"The only country in the world which produces more females than males is the Central African Republic," she told the BBC's Network Africa." [BBC Health]

Best And Worst Pre-Run Food

I have heard from many people, that they have had stomach issues while running or just after working out.... I didn't have a clue, until after I read this article from About.com.....

"If you have had issues with gastrointestinal distress during or after your runs, the foods you're eating in the 24 hours before your runs may be the culprit. Here's a guide to what you should and shouldn't eat before your runs.
FOODS TO AVOID
Try limiting or eliminating some of these foods before running to see if it makes a difference:

High-fiber foods: Whole-grain foods, vegetables, legumes, and fruits that are high in fiber can cause gastrointestinal distress or diarrhea.

High-fat foods: Foods with a lot of fat -- such as fried foods, cheese, hamburgers, or bacon -- digest slowly and will feel like they're sitting in your stomach.

Caffeine: Coffee or other caffeinated beverages can cause stomach issues or diarrhea.

SAFE FOODS
These are the best types of pre-run foods to help avoid gastrointestinal distress during or after running:

Low-Fiber Fruits and Veggies: If you really want to eat fruits or vegetables before runs, zucchini, tomatoes, olives, grapes, and grapefruit are all low in fiber.

Safe Dairy: Some people have issues when they consume dairy products before runs. Soy, rice, and almond milks generally don't contain the sugar lactose, which can be tough to digest. You can also try acidophilus milk and yogurts with live cultures, which contain bacteria that help with digestion.

Refined Carbs: Processed white foods, like regular pasta, white rice, and plain bagels are good choices. Although they're not as nutritious as whole grain and unprocessed foods, they're easier on your stomach because the whole grain is already broken down" (About.com)

Children of Older Fathers May Have Subtle Neurocognitive Impairments

Image via Wikipedia

Until now We were knewthat advanced age of the mother is linked to Down syndrome but now there are research to prove that even father’s advance age might also cause reduced intelligence and other neurodevelopmental disorder.
This is something which we can avoid.

Medscape News reports,
"The offspring of older fathers show subtle impairments on tests of neurocognitive ability during infancy and childhood, according to the results of a study reported in the March 10 issue of PLoS Medicine.

"Advanced paternal age (APA) is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia, as well as with dyslexia and reduced intelligence," write Sukanta Saha, from Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, in Richlands, Australia, and colleagues. "The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between paternal age and performance on neurocognitive measures during infancy and childhood."

Limitations of this study include nonrandom sample attrition and missing data that could affect the generalizability of the results"

Read full article here

Can I shrink my stomach without being hungry?

Some people have bigger stomach than others. They end up eating more calories than others before satiety center in brain stop them to munch more.......

How about if you feel full after eating some salad and a bread. Loosing weight is directly correlated to eating less calories. But again how to kill my voracious appetite....

Here are some ways to trick our stomach.

1. Shrink the stomach: The stretch receptors in the stomach can be “reset” over time to be accustomed to less food. Start by eating five or six mini-meals every three hours instead of three meals a day.

2. Eat protein: protein reduces hunger for reasons that are not well understood.

3. Eat low calorie, high fiber foods, like vegetables, fruits and whole grains, because they stay in the stomach longer to keep you satisfied. Vegetables and Fruits a lot of water and fiber, which can quickly fill you up.

4. Learn portion control:

5. Eat slowly: newer research published in Nature showed that changes in the human brain begin 10 minutes after eating and peak for about 2 minutes. The changes correspond directly to increases in blood sugar and insulin levels. By eating more slowly, you can give yourself time to feel your fullness signals. You can take a 2-minute break midway through your meal if you'd like or you can simply eat more slowly. To slow down naturally, choose foods that require work, such as shelled nuts, soybeans in the pod, lobster and mussels in the shell, fresh artichokes, and oranges in the peel.

6. Limit fatty foods, can the soda

7. Snack "smart" A little snacking may not only keep your hunger in-check between meals, but may also leave you less tempted to overeat at dinner.

8. Sibutramine (Meridia), a prescription drug also makes you feel full quickly, but it is reserved for people who are quite overweight.

Referance:

Mary Hartley, RD Calorie Count.

Eric Sabo, Cool Nurse.com.

Drink Water Before Breakfast to Lose Weight

Image by Cesar R. via Flickr

"Study shows water accelerates the metabolism and encourages weight loss Losing a few pounds or simply keeping in shape is often not only a question of strict dieting and working out as often as we can find the time for it. A healthy attitude towards food, moderation and a few easy tricks that all of us can do also come extremely in handy in our never-ending struggle against the extra pounds. Drinking a glass of water before breakfast is one of those tricks, experts tell us.

The importance and many benefits water has on our body can truly never be stressed enough. Hydration is key both in terms of our health and the appearance of our skin, so we should all start drinking more water throughout the day. Yet it can also help us lose weight, a new study comes to show, by accelerating the metabolism and helping our body “wash” the fat away more easily.

The study included premenopausal overweight women who started drinking water before breakfast in increasing quantities. The more water they drank, the more their weight loss efforts were sustained, results have shown. The conclusion can only be one: a glass of water (approximately eight ounces) in the morning before breakfast, coffee or tea is just what the doctor recommends for excellent health and a slim figure.

“After sleeping for seven to eight hours your body needs water as well as food – being slightly dehydrated can actually slow down your metabolism. Before downing your latte, green tea, or juice, have a glass of water because […] well-hydrated cells not only work better, but they help you flush out fat.” FitSugar also recommends, based on the findings of the latest study.

Nevertheless, if losing weight is not on our radar right now, water also has countless other benefits. For starters, it keeps the skin on the face well hydrated, thus protecting it from the winter cold and the harsh spring winds. Since the skin is made of 70% water, beauticians recommend about 8 glasses a day for a glowing, healthy and irresistible countenance, the kind no cream – no matter how expensive – can get." (Softpedia News)